Limekiln



(No Model.) 2 Sheets-Sheet 1. E.- T. WARNER. LIMEKILN. No. 414,350.Patented Nov 5, 1889.

IN I ENTQR Flu-III Lb 1 i; A A 1 u 4-,: 1],... A t .liq M m. 2 a

u Pmns. Pheblhhnmphor. wan-mom Q C.

PV/TIVESSES:

- 2 Sheets-Sheet 2. E. T. WARNER. LIMEKILN Patented Nov. 5, 1889.

IN VE 1V TOR (No Model.)

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

EDXVARD TATNALLTX ARNER, OF XVILMINGTON, DELAWARE.

LIMEKILN.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 414,350, dated November5, 1889.

Application filed May 7, 1889. Serial No. 309,909. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, EDWARD TATNALL WARNER, a citizen of the-UnitedStates, residing at XVilming-ton, in the State of Delaware, haveinvented certain Improvements in Limekilns, of which the following is aspecification.

My invention relates to a class of devices for burning limestone, cementrock, and other IO material, rudimentally so well known as not torequire special description, and its object is the construction of akiln in which the calcining of the carbonate of lime, or other material,can, by the combustion of commingled r 5 heated air and gas, be rapidly,effectually, and

economically, conducted.

Vith these ends in view, my invention comprehends apparatus, a good formof a convenient embodiment of which is represented in the accompanyingdrawings and hereinafter described, the particular subject matter whichI claim as novel being hereinafter definitely specified.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is a central, vertical,sectional, elevation, of a limekiln embodying my improvements; Fig. 2 isa horizontal sectional plan taken through said kiln in the plane of thedotted line a: 00 of Fig. 1; Fig. 3 is a similar plan taken through saidkiln in the plane of the dotted line y y of said Fig. 1; and Fig. & is asimilar plan taken through said kiln in the plane of the dotted line 2 zof said Fig. 1. Fig. 5 is a top plan view of the basal mantel whichsupports 3 5 the kiln properf Similar letters of reference indicatecorresponding parts.

The kiln represented in the drawings and -hereinafter described isinternally of cylindric form, and externally its lower portion islikewise cylindric while its upper portion is conical. It is to beunderstood, however, that this form is resort-ed to from preferencemerely, and that I do not confine myself to it, as

the kiln as an entirety may be both externally and internally of otherthan cylindric form, its section, for instance, being, at will, square,polygonal, elliptical, or irregular.

In the drawings, A represents the basal mantel or base plate upon whichas a bed the structure of the kiln proper is erected. This mantel is ofannular form, preferably composed of metal, and of sufficient strengthto support the superimposed structure. The central circular dischargeopening a of the mantel is conveniently closed by a discharging funnel Athe discharging throat of which is in turn closed by a gate a of anypreferred character. Upon the upper face of the mantel R are, forconvenience of construction, formed two concentric ribs or flanges, ofwhich the rib a is formed at the outer edge or circumference, and therib a about midway between said outer edge and the inner edge or that ofthe discharge opening. The mantel itself is conveniently supported uponcolumns a erected from the ground to a height sufficient to permit ofsuitable access to the throat and gate of the discharging funnel.

Upon the mantel is erected and supported the external inclosing shell Bof the kiln, conveniently made of sheet iron. This shell, in the formshown, is cylindric as to its lower portion and conical as to its upper.Upon the mantel within the shel1 is also erected and supported the firebrick, soapstone, silica rock, or other fire proof structure which formsthe body of the kiln proper, and which is essentially constructed toform two chambers, of which theupper or burning chamber 0, the fire,brick walls of which. are designated c, is preferably of less diameterthan the lower or cooling chamber D, the fire brick Walls proper ofwhich are designated d. Above the burning chamber extends the stack E,within which, preferably, is a stack damper e of any preferredcharacter. At the upper portion of the burning chamber is a charg ingaperture 0 likewise of any preferred character.

The annular interspaces between the external surfaces of the fire brickwalls of the kiln proper and the internal surfaces of the inclosingshell, are filled with packing material F of any preferred character,ashes or earth being suitable for the purpose.

G are a series of combustion chambers, which are five in the structureshown, and which radiate from the base of the burning chamber to andthrough the inclosing shell B of the kiln. These combustion chambers arebest shown in Fig. 2. They are formed the fire brick walls properv d ofsaid cooling chamber to afford between said walls proper and itself, thesaid lining wall, an annular cylindriform space or air chamber (1 intowhich atmospheric air is fed or flows conveniently through a circularseries of air inlet orifices a formed through the basal mantelin suchposition as to open only within said air chamber.

From out the upper portion of the air chamber, at predeterminedcircumferential intervals, lead air flues d conveniently c'orrespondentin number with the number of combustion chambers, which respectively,conveniently, branch to' both sides of the combustion chambers, areconveniently extended lengthwise of said walls of said combustionchambers, and discharge thereinto through air outlets 6& formed,conveniently, through the walls of said combustion chambers.

H is agas'inlet conveniently formed through the lower portion of theshell of the kiln, and conveniently leading into a circular supply flueh conveniently formed within the packing around the walls proper of thecooling chamber. Leading upward from this supply flue, which is commonto them all, are a series of gas fiues h preferably correspondent innumber with the number of combustion chambers employed, which at theirupper extremities areirespectively, conveniently, branched to thesidesof the combustion chambers, longitudinally along which they arepreferably externally extended, and into which they open through gasoutlets 72 Each of these gas flues is conveniently controlled by adamper h Such being a convenient construction of an apparatus embodyingmy invention, the operation which it is adapted to effectuate is asfollows:--Assuming the initial charge of limestone to have beensubjected in the burning chamber to the operation of calcining thecarbonate, and the calcined charge to havedescended into the coolingchamber until the latter has been completely filled by it,-thereafter,as successive fresh charges of stone are introduced to the burningchamber, the radiation through the lining walls of the cooling chamberfrom the heated and burned charge. then contained therein will serve toheat the air' flowing into the surrounding air space or chamber, whichwill therefore in its heated condition rise and through the air fiuesflow into the combustion chambers and therein commingle with the gasalso flowing thereinto, and aid to support the combustion of the gas insaid cha1nbers and in the burning chamber. It will be apparent that thisoperation utilizes and recovers for the heating of the air the latentheat in the charge within the cooling chamber, while said charge isgradually cooling.

It is proper to explain that the gist of the invention resides in theprovision of an air space or chamber within the kiln and around thecooling chamber, and in communication with the combustionchambers,-which is best accomplished by the interposition between theouter walls proper of the cooling chamber and the charge within saidchamber (which would otherwise be supported against said outer walls)and at a suitable distance from said outer walls, of a heat-transmitting or radiating lining wall or cylinder, be its mate rial what it may,which serves to radiate the heat which it receives from the coolingcharge to the air with which the air chamber is constantly supplied, tothe end that saidai'r'may be heated for the better supporting of thecombustion of the gas in the combustion and burning chambers. With theseconsiderations in mind, it is apparent that it is immaterial as toprecisely how the lining walls'and air chamber are formed, and as towhether the air chamber be a single undivided annular chamber or becomposite of a series of divided air spaces not necessarily incommunication with each other; and immaterial as to precisely how or inwhat directions both the heated air and the gas flues lead up to anddischarge into the combustion chambers?- and also immaterial as to whatform and precise relation to the burning chamber the'combustion chamberor chambers assume, or as to what number of combustion chambers are Iemployed.

Of course the mechanical detail of constructi'on of the kiln as anentirety may be greatly varied, provided always that the salientfeatures of the charge-retaining heat-ra diating walls of or innerlining to, and of the air chamber or spaces surrounding, the coolingchamber, be retained. It is proper to state also that while I prefer tointroduce the air to the air chamber through separate inlet orifices,as, for instance, through those described'as formed through the basalmantel, Y

the air can be otherwise admitted to said air chamber.

Havingthu's described my invention, I claim ing chamber;combustionchambers above the cooling chamber and in communication with the burningchamber ;fiues for gas leading to the combustion chan1bers;and fines forheated air leading from out the air chamher or spaces surrounding thecooling chamber to said combustion chambers ;substantially as set forthand for the purposes specified.

In testimony that I claim the foregoing as my invention, I have hereuntosigned my name this 4th day-of May, A. D. 1889.

' EDWARD TATNALL WARNER.

In presence of J. BONSALL TAYLOR, F. NORMAN DIXON.

